3 WAYS TO UNDERVALUE A CURRENCY ....

"Money is Debt" ..., more a country or a monetary Union is able to increase the money supply by getting new loans, more its own wealth increases ...
In the Welfare State Paradigm, the public spending is creating "growth" by developing the common well being.

"Money must circulate" .... If a country of a monetary Union is able to spread its currency ABROAD ITS BORDERS ... The currency can increase in value.  A dynamic industry is the best to spread a currency worldwide.

"Manipulations"" .... modifying artificially the change rates is a good way to sink a currency abroad.

RUSSIA HAS ALMOST UNLIMITED NATURAL RESOURCES INCLUDING GOLD, BUT IS INSIDE THESE 3 GAPS .... NO WELFARE STATE, AN INDUSTRY BASED ON THE COMMODITIES , AND THE RUSSIAN RUBLE IS THE TARGET OF WESTERN FINANCIAL WEAPON ...

- Devaluation is a way to decrease the supply of debts.

- Re evaluation is a way to take the savings from the citizens pockets, to back a new version of the currency.

 

French Franc before and after the last monetary reform in 1960 (Collection Michael J. P. LAURENT)